仲鑫达自动化是世界自动化制造业的思想，致力推动全球业界交流
销售专员 林惠燕
初，PLC主要用于开关量的逻辑控制。随着PLC技术的进步，它的应用领域不断扩大。
如今，PLC不仅用于开关量控制，还用于模拟量及数字量的控制，可采集与存储数据，还可对控制系统进行监控；还可联网、通讯，实现大范围、跨地域的控制与管理。PLC已日益成为工业控制装置家族中一个重要的角色。。
3.1用于开关量控制
PLC控制开关量的能力是很强的。所控制的入出点数，少的十几点、几十点，多的可到几百、几千，甚至几万点。由于它能联网，点数几乎不受限制，不管点都能控制。
所控制的逻辑问题可以是多种多样的：组合的、时序的；即时的、延时的；不需计数的，需要计数的；固定顺序的，随机工作的；等等，都可进行。
PLC的硬件结构是可变的，软件程序是可编的，用于控制时，非常灵活。必要时，可编写多套，或多组程序，依需要调用。它很适应于工业现场多工况、多状态变换的需要。
CPU模块相当于人的大脑和心脏，它不断地采集输入信号，执行用户程序，刷新系统的输出；存储器用来储存程序和数据。
1．CPU芯片
CPU模块主要由CPU芯片和存储器组成。PLC使用以下几类CPU芯片：
(1)通用微处理器，如Intel公司的8086，80186到Pentium系列芯片；
(2)单片微处理器(单片机)，如Intel公司的MCS51／96系列单片机；
(3)位片式微处理器，如AMD 2900系列位片式微处理器。
2．存储器
PLC的存储器分为系统程序存储器和用户程序存储器。系统程序相当于个人计算机的操作系统，它使PLC具有基本的智能，能够完成PLC设计者规定的各种工作。系统程序由PLC生产厂家设计并固化在ROM内，用户不能直接读取。PLC的用户程序由用户设计，它决定了PLC的输入信号与输出信号之间的具体关系。用户程序存储器的容量一般以字(每个字由16位二进制数组成)为单位，三菱的FX系列PLC将用户程序存储器的单位称为步(Step，即字)。小型PLC的用户程序存储器容量在lK字左右，大型PLC的用户程序存储器容量可达数M(兆)字。
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