490NRP25300 为了实现输入输出电路上的完全隔离，近年来在控制系统中光电耦合得到广泛应用，已成为防止干扰的有效措施。光电耦合器具有以下特点:首先，由于是密封在一个管壳内，不会受到外界光的干扰;其次，由于靠光传送信号，切断了各部件电路之间地线的联系;第三，发光二极管动态电阻非常小，而干扰源的内阻一般很大，能够传送到光电耦合器输入输出的干扰信号就变得很小;第四，光电耦合器的传输比和晶体管的放大倍数相比，一般很小，远不如晶体管对干扰信号那么灵敏，而光电耦合器的发光二极管只有在通过一定的电流时才能发光。因此，即使是在干扰电压幅值较高的情况下，由于没有足够的能量，仍不能使发光二极管发光，从而可以有效地抑制掉干扰信号。由于光电耦合器的线性区一般只能在某一特定的范围内，因此，应保证被传信号的变化范围始终在线性区内。为了保证线性耦合，既要严格挑选光电耦合器，又要采取相应的非线性较正措施，否则将产生较大的误差。
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