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2 综合自动化监控系统应用
2．1 集中模式
集中模式也就是传统的硬接线方式，将强电信号转变为弱电信号，采用空接点方式和4mA～20mA 标准直流信号，通过电缆硬接线将电气模拟量和开关量信号一对一接至DCS的I/O 模件柜，进入DCS 进行组态，实现对电气设备的监控。这种模式又分为直接I/O接入方式和远程I/0接入方式两种，前者是将电缆接至电子间集中组屏，后者是在数据较集中且离主控室较远的电气设备现场设立远程I/0 采集柜，然后通过通信方式与DCS 控制主机相连，两者具有相同的实现技术，本质上没有区别。
电气量的采集集中组屏，便于管理，设备运行环境好；硬接线方式成熟，响应速度快。缺点主要有：电缆数量大，电缆安装工程量大，长距离电缆引进的干扰也可能影响DCS的可靠性；DCS 系统按“点”收费，不仅投资大，而且只有重要的电气量才能进入DCS，系统监测的电气信息不完整；所有信息量均要集中汇至DCS 系统，风险集中，影响系统可靠性；由于DCS 调试一般是后进行，采用集中模式通常难以满足倒送厂用电的要求；没有独立的电气监控主站系统，无法完成较复杂的电气运行管理工作(如防误、事故追忆、继电保护运行与故障信息自动化管理、录波分析等高级应用功能)，不能实现电气的“综合自动化”。
2．2 分层分布式模式
分层分布式模式从逻辑上将ECS 划分为三层，即站级监控层、通信层和间隔层(间隔单元)。间隔层由终端保护测控单元组成，利用面向电气一次回路或电气间隔的方法进行设计，将测控单元和保护单元就地分布安装在各个开关柜或其他一次设备附近。网络层由通信管理机、光纤或电缆网络构成，利用现场总线技术，实现数据汇、规约转换、转送数据和传控制命令的功能。站级监控层通过通信网络，对间隔层进行管理和交换信息。
间隔层测控终端就地安装，减少占用面积，各装置功能独立，组态灵活，可靠性高。模拟量采用交流采样，节省二次电缆，降低了成本，抗干扰能力增强，系统采集的数据精度大大提高。系统采集的数据量提高，监控信息完整，能实现在远方对保护定值的修改及信号复归，运行维护方便。分布式结构方便系统扩展和维护，局部故障不影响其他模块(部件)正常运行。设置独立的电气监控主站，便于分步调试和投运，满足倒送电的要求。同时有利于厂用电系统的运行、维护和检修。
3 综合自动化技术发展趋势
由于我国电力系统综合自动化技术起步较晚，在很多方面与国外技术水平还有很大差距，所以需要我们在学和借鉴国外技术的同时，结合我国的实际情况，研究和开发更加符合我国国情的综合自动化系统。
3．1 保护、控制、测量一体化
鉴于目前的运行体制、人员配备、分工，我国的自动化系统主要采用站内监控采集数据而保护相对独立的模式，以提供较清晰的事故分析和处理的界面。但是从技术合理性、减少设备重复配置、简化维护工作量以及发展趋势等方面考虑，将保护与控制、测量结合在一起会更有优势。因为保护和控制、测量的信息源都是来自现场：保护主要采集一次设备的故障异常状态信息，通常要求测量范围较宽，一般按额定值考虑，但测量精度要求较低；而控制和测量主要采集运行状态信息，要求测量范围较窄，通常在测量额定值附近波动，对测量精度要求较高。控(CPU)单元直接接受来自上位机(当地)或远方的控制输出命令，经必要的校核后可直接动作至保护回路，省去了遥控输出、遥控执行等环节，简化了设备，提高了可靠性。但是这种装置的运行可靠性必须很高。因此需要设计、制造、运行、管理部门打破界限，通力合作，以适应这一变化。
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