PLC的基本工作方式是顺序执行用户程序，每一时钟周期执行一条指令。对用户程序的执行一般有循环扫描和定时扫描两种，扫描过程分为三个阶段，即输入采样阶段、程序执行阶段和输出刷新阶段，如图1所示。

（1）输入采样阶段。PLC在输入采样阶段以扫描方式顺序读人所有输入端子的状态，存人输人寄存器，接着转入程序执行阶段。

（2）程序执行阶段。PLC在程序执行阶段中顺序对每条指令进行扫描。先从输人寄存器读人所有输入端子的状态。

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