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4电气设备巡检方法
电气设备巡检中的“望、闻、问、切“要真正落实安全生产“预防为主“的方针,保证电力设备运行的安全,就必须在事故发生之前,发现事故苗头,消除事故隐患。如何在事故发生前,发现事故苗头,是电力巡检人员极为关注的问题,也是电力巡检人员正在探索的课题。巡检人员在设备巡检过程中,严格按照安全规程,用高度的责任肝和“望、闻、问、切“的巡检方法,可以及时发现、及时消除事故隐患。任何设备事故的发生,都有一个从量变到质变的过程,都要经历从设备正常、事故隐患出现再到事故发生这三个阶段。从设备正常到出现事故隐患的渐变过程,是个量变的集聚过程,在这个过程中,设备的量变都由具体特征表现出来。用“望、闻、问、切”办法来进行巡检,就可以及时发现量变过程中出现的这些反映出来的特征,在设备事故发生质变前进行处理,积极预防质变,防止事故的发生。
巡检人员要责任心强、态度端正、观察细致、思维敏捷。就电气设备巡检本身并不需要高深的理论,其实就是细心观察将设备的现状与过去相比较,找出差别。若想提高巡检质量则必须认真学理论知识,了解设备结构、性能和运行参数,将发现的细微变化加以分析,排除干扰因素,找出真正的原因,设法消除或控制隐患的扩大。二、电气设备具体巡查项目
4.1变压器的巡检
4.1.1 观察变压器的油位:油浸式变压器中的油起冷却和绝缘的作用的,油位是虽温度变化的,因此变压器上刻有不同温度下所对应的油位,当发现油位过低时应测量比较变压器的温度,仔细观察变压器身是否有漏油现象,若是密闭式变压器应提起放气阀,检查是否是假油位。
4.1.2 观察变压器的油色:变压器的油的颜色应是呈浅黄色,透明无杂物,若发现油中有黑色碳化物是应检查分接开关、线圈、桩头引出线等,黑色碳化物一般是由电弧燃烧引起的。
4.1.3 观察变压器的瓷套管:瓷套管起绝缘作用的,套管表面应清洁、无裂纹、无破损,无放电现象。
4.1.4 闻闻变压器有无异味
4.1.5 听听变压器有无异音:变压器正常时应该发出嗡嗡的声音,若有噼啪的声音,则说明变压器有短路现象。
4.1.6 摸摸变压器的温度:摸摸变压器的温度,与过去进行比较,若有升高,应查看变压器的电流是否增加、环境温度是否增加、通风是否通畅、声音是否正常。变压器上层油温不能过85℃。
4.1.7 变压器上有无杂物
4.2 电动机的巡检项目
看看电动机的转速是否正常,不能有卡塞现象;看看电动机的电流、电压是否标;看看电动机的外壳、风扇罩、风扇是否有破损,风扇罩网上是否堵有杂物影响散热;看看电动机的紧固螺栓不能松动,地角螺栓松动会引起电机的振动;闻闻电动机有无异味;听听电动机有无杂音,若有杂音则要弄清时轴承发出的还是电动机内部发出的,内部的轻微的沙沙声是由风吹动电机绑扎带的线头发出的,一般没事;摸摸电动机的温度是否标:电动机线圈温度为A-95℃、E-105℃、B-110℃、F-125℃、H-145℃。滚动轴承不能过95℃、滑动轴承不能过80℃;摸摸电动机振动不能标:2极电机双振幅值小于0.05mm、4极电机双振幅值小于0.08mm、6极电机双振幅值小于0.1mm、8极电机双振幅值小于0.12mm;电动机启动前应检查电动机周围有无人或物,盘动电动机,听听启动声音,观察启动电流、观察电动机启动时间(经验:风机启动时间约为20S-30S,水泵启动时间约为10S-20S,其他电机启动时间约为10S左论文联盟Www.LWlm.com右)
4.3 高、低压柜巡检项目
各绝缘子、互感器、断路器表面应清洁、干燥、无破损、无放电;油断路器的油位不能过低或过高,油色要透明呈淡黄色,无黑色碳化物,无渗漏;柜内、柜顶无杂物;柜内各连接头温度不能过70℃;无异味;转换开关、断路器、指示灯显示状态要对应
4.4 发电机巡检项目
发电机的线圈温度、铁心温度不能标;发电机进、出口风温不能标;碳刷滑环无火花;发电机内部无放电、无火花;发电机的励磁电流、电压应与发电机的一次电压、电流相对应且不能标。
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