进口液压柱塞泵如何保养

德国KAYSEN（凯森）进口液压柱塞泵

一、工作原理，带滑靴结构的轴向柱塞泵是目前使用广泛的轴向柱塞泵，安放在缸体中的柱塞通过滑靴与斜盘相接触，当传动轴带动缸体旋转时，斜盘将柱塞从缸体中拉出或推回，完成吸排油过程。柱塞与缸孔组成的工作容腔中的油液通过配油盘分别与泵的吸、排油腔相通。变量机构用来改变斜盘的倾角，通过调节斜盘的倾角可改变泵的排量。

二、柱塞泵的维护，斜盘式轴向柱塞泵一般采用缸体转动、端面配流的形式。缸体端面上镶有一块由双金属板与钢配油盘组成的摩擦副，而且大多数是采用平面配流的方法，所以维修比较方便。配油盘是轴向柱塞泵的关键部件，泵工作时，一方面工作腔的高压油把缸体推向配油盘，另一方面配油盘和缸体间的油膜压力形成对缸体的液压反推力使缸体背离配油盘。缸体对配油盘的设计液压压紧力Fn略大于配油盘对缸体的液压反推力Ff，即Fn/Ff=1.05~1.1，使泵工作正常并保持较高的容积效率。

实际上，由于油液的污染，往往使配油盘与缸体之间产生轻微磨损。特别是高压时，即使轻微的磨损也可以使液压反推力Ff增大，从而破坏Fn>Ff的关系，使配油盘和缸体间产生缝隙而不能正常工作。所以在柱塞泵的检修和维护过程中，应着重检查配油盘和缸体这一对摩擦副的使用情况，即使有轻微的磨损，也应及时修复。

三、常见故障处理

1.液压泵输出流量不足或不输出油液

(1)吸入量不足。原因是吸油管路上的阻力过大或补油量不足。如泵的转速过大，油箱中液面过低，进油管漏气，滤油器堵塞等。

(2)泄漏量过大。原因是泵的间隙过大，密封不良造成。如配油盘被金属碎片、铁屑等划伤，端面漏油；变量机构中的单向阀密封面配合不好，泵体和配油盘的支承面有砂眼或研痕等。可以通过检查泵体内液压油中混杂的异物判别泵被损坏的部位。

(3)倾斜盘倾角太小，泵的排量少，这需要调节变量活塞，增加斜盘倾角。

2.中位时排油量不为零，变量式轴向柱塞泵的斜盘倾角为零时称为中位，此时泵的输出流量应为零。但有时会出现中位偏离调整机构中点的现象，在中点时仍有流量输出。其原因是控制器的位置偏离、松动或损伤，需要重新调零、紧固或更换。泵的角度维持力不够、倾斜角耳轴磨损也会产生这种现象。

3.输出流量波动，输出流量波动与很多因素有关。对变量泵可以认为是变量机构的控制不佳造成，如异物进入变量机构，在控制活塞上划出阶痕、磨痕、伤痕等，造成控制活塞运动不稳定。由于放大器能量不足或零件损坏、含有弹簧的控制活塞的阻尼器效能差，都会造成控制活塞运动不稳定。流量不稳定又往往伴随着压力波动。这类故障一般要拆开液压泵，更换受损零部件，加大阻尼，提高弹簧刚度和控制压力等。

4.输出压力异常，泵的输出压力是由负载决定的，与输入转矩近似成正比。输出压力异常有两种故障。

First, the principle of work, axial piston pump with a sliding shoe structure is currently the most widely used axial piston pump, plunger placed in the cylinder through the sliding shoe and swash plate contact, when the drive shaft driven cylinder When rotating, the swash plate pulls or pushes the plunger out of the cylinder to complete the suction and discharge process. The fluid in the working chamber consisting of the plunger and the cylinder bore communicates with the suction and discharge chambers of the pump respectively through the oil pan. The variable mechanism is used to change the inclination of the swash plate. The displacement of the pump can be changed by adjusting the inclination of the swash plate.
Second, the maintenance of the plunger pump, swashplate axial piston pump generally uses the cylinder body rotation, the end of the flow distribution. A friction pair composed of a bil plate and a steel distribution plate is ded on the end face of the cylinder block, and most of them adopt the plane flow distribution method, so maintenance is more convenient. The oil pan is one of the key parts of the axial piston pump. When the pump is working, the high pressure oil in the work chamber pushes the cylinder to the oil pan, and on the other hand, the oil film pressure between the oil pan and the cylinder forms a pair. The cylinder's hydraulic reverse thrust forces the cylinder away from the oil pan. The design hydraulic pressure force Fn of the cylinder to the oil pan is slightly greater than the hydraulic reverse thrust Ff of the oil pan to the cylinder, ie Fn/Ff=1.05~1.1, so that the pump works normally and maintains a high volumetric efficiency.
In fact, due to the contamination of the oil, slight wear is often caused between the oil pan and the cylinder. In particular, at high pressure, even slight wear can increase the hydraulic thrust reverse force Ff, thereby breaking the relationship of Fn>Ff and causing a gap between the oil pan and the cylinder to fail to work properly. Therefore, during the overhaul and maintenance of the plunger pump, the use of the friction pair of the oil pan and the cylinder should be inspected. Even if there is slight wear, it should be ly repaired.
Third, common troubleshooting
1. The hydraulic pump output flow is insufficient or does not output fluid
(1) Insufficient intake. The reason is that the resistance on the suction pipe is too large or the amount of oil is insufficient. If the speed of the pump is too high, the liquid level in the tank is too low, the intake pipe leaks, and the oil filter is blocked.
(2) Excessive leakage. The reason is that the clearance of the pump is too large and the seal is bad. If the oil pan is scratched by l fragments, iron scraps, etc., the end surface leaks oil; the one-way valve sealing surface in the variable mechanism is not well-matched, and the bearing surface of the pump body and the oil pan is blistering or grinding marks. It is possible to discriminate where the pump is damaged by checking for foreign matter in the hydraulic fluid in the pump body.
(3) The inclination of the swash plate is too small and the displacement of the pump is small. This requires adjusting the piston of the variable and increasing the swash plate inclination.
2. When the oil displacement in the neutral position is not zero, the swash plate angle of the variable displacement axial piston pump is zero when it is zero. At this time, the output flow rate of the pump should be zero. However, there is sometimes a phenomenon where the median deviation deviates from the midpoint of the adjustment mechanism, and there is still flow output at the midpoint. The reason for this is that the position of the controller is deviated, loosened or damaged and needs to be re-zeroed, tightened or replaced. This phenomenon can also be caused by the insufficient maintenance of the angle of the pump and the wear of the tilted trunnion.
3. Output flow fluctuations, output flow fluctuations are related to many factors. Variable pumps can be considered to be caused by poor control of the variable mechanism. For example, when foreign s enter the variable mechanism, step marks, wear marks, and scars etc. are drawn on the control piston, resulting in unstable control piston movement. Due to the lack of energy in the amplifier or the damage to the parts, the damper of the control piston with springs is poor in performance, which can cause unstable control piston movement. Unsteady flow is often accompanied by pressure fluctuations. This kind of fault generally needs to disassemble the hydraulic pump, replace the damaged parts, increase the damping, increase the spring stiffness and control the pressure.
4. The output pressure is abnormal and the output pressure of the pump is determined by the load, which is approximately proportional to the input torque. There are two kinds of faults in the output pressure abnormality.

位于德国SchwäbischGmünd的凯森Kaysen泵业有限公司是的各种流体水泵和隔膜泵制造商。60多年来，凯森以“德国制造”的可靠性和质量达到了高标准。凭借我们全面的产品组合，我们支持世界各地的客户掌握供水，采矿，工业，化工，造纸，电力，食品，制药，污水和海上行业的苛刻抽水任务。作为上述领域创新技术的供应商，我们是液体需要安全，高效和经济运输的合作伙伴。
        德国凯森始终坚持“重质量，讲信誉”为宗旨。产品现各地，并已逐步开发海外市场。公司多次被评为“重合同讲信用”企业，深得用户的信赖和广泛的赞誉。
        The Kaysen Pumps GmbH in SchwäbischGmünd, Germany, is one of the world's leading manufacturers of fluid centrifugal pumps and diaphragm pumps. For more than 60 years, Kaisen has achieved the highest standards of reliability and quality of "Made in Germany". With our comprehensive product portfolio, we support customers around the world to successfully grasp the harsh pumping tasks of water supply, mining, industry, chemical, er, electricity, food, pharmaceutical, sewage and marine industries. As a leading provider of innovative technology in these areas, we are the perfect partner for liquids to be safe, efficient and economical to transport. ,
          Germany Kaysen always adhere to the "quality, stresses credibility" for the purpose. Products are selling all over the country, and has gradually developed overseas markets. The company has repeatedly been rated as "the contract with the letter" business, won the trust of users and extensive praise.