SMC气缸选用方法
二、SMC气缸结构原理
由于SMC气缸的使用目的不同，SMC气缸的构造也是多种多样的，但使用多的是SMC单杆双作用气缸。下面就以SMC单杆双作用气缸为例，说明气缸的基本构造。
图所示是SMC CM2系列双作用气缸的结构原理图，它由缸筒、端盖、活塞、活塞杆和密封件组成——这也是组成气缸的五大部分！
缸筒的内径大小代表了气缸输出力的大小。活塞要在缸筒内做平稳的往复滑动，缸筒内表面的表面粗糙度应达到Ra0.8um。对钢管缸筒，内表面还应镀硬铬，以减小摩擦阻力和磨损，并能防止锈蚀。缸筒材质除使用高碳钢管外，还是用高强度铝合金和黄铜。小型气缸有使用不锈钢管的。带磁性开关的气缸或在耐腐蚀环境中使用的气缸，缸筒应使用不锈钢、铝合金或黄铜等材质。
SMC CM2气缸活塞上采用组合密封圈实现双向密封，活塞与活塞杆用压铆链接，不用螺母。
SMC气缸端盖上设有进排气通口，油的还在端盖内设有缓冲机构。杆侧端盖上设有密封圈和防尘圈，以防止从活塞杆处向外漏气和防止外部灰尘混入缸内。杆侧端盖上设有导向套，以提高气缸的导向精度，承受活塞杆上少量的横向负载，减小活塞杆伸出时的下弯量，延长气缸使用寿命。导向套通常使用烧结含油合金、前倾铜铸件。端盖过去常用可锻铸铁，现在为减轻重量并防锈，常使用铝合金压铸，微型缸有使用黄铜材料的。
活塞是SMC气缸中的受压力零件。为防止活塞左右两腔相互窜气，设有活塞密封圈。活塞上的耐磨环可提高气缸的导向性，减少活塞密封圈的磨耗，减少摩擦阻力。耐磨环长使用聚氨酯、聚四氟乙烯、夹布合成树脂等材料。SMC气缸活塞的宽度由密封圈尺寸和必要的滑动部分长度来决定。滑动部分太短，易引起早期磨损和卡死。活塞的材质常用铝合金和铸铁，小型缸的活塞有黄铜制成的。
活塞杆是SMC气缸中重要的受力零件。通常使用高碳钢，表面经镀硬铬处理，或使用不锈钢，以防腐蚀，并提高密封圈的耐磨性。
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