打开451的时间门测量功能，将中心频率设置成f1，频宽为希望测量的偏离f1的频率偏移的两倍，将时间门触发信号设置为外部门控输入，门宽度设置成T1，该数值必须小于跳频源工作在f1频点的驻留时间，此时451输出的信号频谱即为跳频源工作在f1频率时的杂散频谱，利用差值频标功能即可获得杂散数值。跳频源输出信号、触发门控信号和时间门信号的时序关系图给出了跳频源输出、触发门控信号、时间门信号之间的时间关系图。
PV032R1K1T1NGLC
PV032R1K4T1NFHS
PV032R1K8S1NFWS
PV032R1K8T1NMMC
PV032R1K1T1WFDS
PV032R1K1AYNMTP
PV032R1K1T1NHCC
PV032R1K1T1WMM1
PV032R1K1AYNMRZ
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PV032R1K1T1NMMK
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PV040L1K1T1NFWS
PV040R1K1T1NFRC
PV040R1K1T1NFFP
PV040R1K4T1NMR1
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PV040R1K1T1NFR1
PV040R1K4T1NMMC
PV040R1K1T1NFDS
PV040R1K1T1NFF1
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PV040R1K4T1NFHS
PV040R1K1T1WFDS
PV040R1K8T1VMMC
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PV040R1K4T1NFR1
PV040R1K1T1N001
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PV040R1K1T1VFDS
PV040R1K1A4NFRZ
PV040R1K1T1NMRC
PV040R1K1T1NMM1
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PV040R1K1T1NMRK
PV040R1K1T1NHCC
PV040R1K1T1NMF1
PV040R1K1JHNMMC
PV040L1K1T1NMMC
PV040R1K1S1NFWS
PV040R1L1T1NMMC
PV040R1D8T1N001
PV040R1K1T1NMFC
在电池的研发和生产过程中，电池的充放电率、高中低倍率放电特性、大小电流过放电特性、常温高温低温内阻特性、容量分布测试等可靠性测试，以及电池内部短路、持续充电、强迫放电等电流电阻安全测试都是必不可少的。那在这些测试中，电池内阻的检测都是非常关键的一步。电池内阻作为锂电池*重要的内部参数，与电池的性能检测、寿命评估和能量管理都有着非常紧密的联系，是衡量电池性能的一个重要技术指标。但在实际应用中，却存在不少的问题：当充/放电时，阻抗是影响电气特性及效率的因素。
PV040R1K1T1NFWS
PV040R1K1T1WFR1
PV040R1K1T1NKLC
PV040R9K1T1NFWS
PV040R1K1T1NFFC
PV040R1K1T1NF
PV040R1K1T1N100
PV040R1K1T1WMR1
PV040R1K1T1NFRZ
PV040R1K1T1WMRC
PV040R1K1T1NMMK
PV040R1K1T1NMMC
PV040R1K1T1VMMC
PV040R1K1T1NFHS
PV040R1K1T1NGLC
PV040R1K1T1NHLC
PV040R1K1T1WMMC
PV040L1L1T1NFWS
PV040R1K1T1NMLC
PV040R1D1T1NGCC
PV040R1K1T1NELA
PV040R9K1T1NMMCK0188
PV046R1K1T1N001
PV046R1K1T1N100
PV046R1K1T1NFDS
PV046R1K1T1NFR1
PV046R1K1T1NFHS
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PV046R1K1AYNMRC
PV046R1K1JHNMMC
PV046R9K1T1NFWS
PV046R1K4T1NMR1
PV046R1K4T1NFHS
PV046L1K1T1NFWS
PV046R1K1S1NFWS
PV046R1K1T1WFDS
PV046R1K1T1NMRZ
PV046R1K1T1EMMC
PV046R1K1T1WMMC
PV046R1K1T1NFFP
PV046R1K1A4NFRC
PV046R1K1T1VFDS
PV046R1K8T1NFWS
PV046R1K1T1WMM1
PV046L1K1T1NMMC
PV046R1K8T1VMMC
PV046R1K8T1NMMC
PV046R1K1T1NF
PV046R1K1AYNMRZ
PV046R1K1T1NHLC
PV046R1K1T1NMMK
PV046R1K1T1NKLC
PV046R1K1T1NMR1
PV046R1K1T1NFRZ
PV046R1K1T1WFR1
PV046R1K4T1NFR1
PV046R1K1T1WMR1
PV046R1K1T1NMRK
PV046R1K1T1WMRC
PV046R1K1T1NHCC
PV046R1K1T1VMMC
PV046R1K1T1NGLC
PV046R1L1T1NMMC
PV046R1K8T1N001
PV046R1K4T1NMMC
PV046R1K1T1NMMCX5934
PV063R1K1T1NMF1
PV063R1K1T1NMMC
PV063R1K1T1NMMK
PV063R9L1TNMPCK0
PV063R1K1A1VFPR
PV063R1K1C1NFWS
PV063R2K1T1N001
PV063R9L1T1NFWS
PV063R1K1A1NFHS
PV063R1K1T1NFFP
PV063R1K1T1NFPR
PV063R1K1T1NGLC
PV063R1K1T1N001
PV063R1K1T1N100
PV063R1K1T1NFDS
石英晶体的化学成分是化硅，可以用做振荡电路，是利用它的压电效应。当交变电压施加于石英晶片时，晶片将随交变电压的频率产生周期性的机械振动；同时，机械振动在晶片产生电荷而形成交变电流。一般来说，这种机械振动的振幅很小，而振动频率很稳定。但当外加信号源的频率与晶体的固有频率相等时，晶体便发生共振，此时晶体外电路的交变电流也，这个现象称为石英晶体的压电谐振。因为晶体振荡电路的频率稳定性很好，所以广泛应用于电子系统中，为其提供基准时钟。
